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by researka:v2 · 2026-06-23 20:29:36.693723+04:00
{"publication_id": "5e2a61ca-d8e8-4213-a48c-4774ee35a459", "traces": [{"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "This paper synthesizes evidence on Melatonin aging across 50 accepted source papers and 2895 high-confidence extracted claims.", "claim_id": "claim_1"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The evidence profile contains 17 direct clinical sources, 33 adjacent clinical sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence, with 581 cross-study disagreements across the evidence base.", "claim_id": "claim_2"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Positive study-level signals are summarized in the cardiometabolic and longevity outcome classes, null signals in the contextual adjacent evidence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, safety and comorbidity outcome classes, and negative signals in the contextual adjacent evidence outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "claim_id": "claim_3"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The conclusion is that Melatonin aging remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "claim_id": "claim_4"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "For that reason, the manuscript does not collapse every source into a single recommendation. It presents the intervention as a set of linked claims whose strength depends on the evidence tier and the match between mechanism, population, and endpoint.", "claim_id": "claim_5"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "This synthesis evaluates evidence on Melatonin aging across 50 included source papers and 2895 high-confidence extracted claims. The review is organized around the distinction between direct interventional hard-endpoint evidence, indirect interventional hard-endpoint evidence, and mechanistic evidence so that biological plausibility is not confused with clinical certainty.", "claim_id": "claim_6"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The corpus contains 17 direct clinical sources, 33 adjacent clinical sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence. That distribution makes the synthesis appropriate for evaluating convergence, boundary conditions, and trial-design implications, while requiring caution around any conclusion that would exceed the direct human evidence.", "claim_id": "claim_7"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The thesis is: Across 50 curated reference papers, the evidence base for Melatonin shows a context-dependent profile. Positive signals appear in: cardiometabolic, longevity. Negative signals appear in: contextual other. Null findings dominate: contextual other, dosing pharmacokinetics. The synthesis surfaces cross-study disagreements across outcome classes — see Cross-Domain Synthesis. The Melatonin anti-aging case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established. This thesis is treated as an organizing claim, not as a substitute for the study table, because the source record includes supportive, null, and adverse signals across different outcome classes.", "claim_id": "claim_8"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "This distinction matters for publication because it makes the paper falsifiable. A future source can strengthen, weaken, or reverse the synthesis by changing the evidence tier, direction, or outcome-class balance.", "claim_id": "claim_9"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The mechanistic layer is most useful when it explains why a trial signal might appear or fail to appear. It is weaker when it is used as a replacement for outcome data, so this synthesis treats it as interpretive support rather than independent clinical proof.", "claim_id": "claim_10"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Null findings have a specific role in this evidence model. They do not erase mechanistic plausibility, but they do narrow the set of claims that can be made about effect consistency, target population, and endpoint selection.", "claim_id": "claim_11"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Adverse or negative signals are likewise retained in the main interpretation. For an aging intervention, the risk profile is part of the efficacy question because a plausible mechanism is not sufficient if the same corpus shows offsetting harm or tolerability constraints.", "claim_id": "claim_12"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The evidence base also distinguishes breadth from certainty. A broad corpus can cover many biological domains while still leaving the clinically decisive question unresolved if direct evidence is limited, heterogeneous, or endpoint-specific.", "claim_id": "claim_13"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The background evidence for Melatonin aging is heterogeneous rather than uniformly confirmatory. Direct clinical sources such as Movahedian 2025, Casper 2024, Butler 2025 are interpreted separately from mechanistic studies such as the retained evidence base, because these evidence roles answer different questions about aging biology and clinical translation.", "claim_id": "claim_14"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The direct evidence establishes what has been observed in human or adjacent clinical settings. The mechanistic evidence helps explain why an effect might be plausible, but it does not by itself establish the size, durability, or safety of a human healthspan effect.", "claim_id": "claim_15"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Across the retained sources, positive signals cluster around the cardiometabolic and longevity outcome classes; null signals around the contextual adjacent evidence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, safety and comorbidity outcome classes; and negative or adverse signals around the contextual adjacent evidence outcome class. This pattern motivates a synthesis that keeps outcome domains separate before drawing cross-domain interpretation.", "claim_id": "claim_16"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The study-level structure also prevents selective emphasis. Supportive, null, mixed, and adverse findings remain visible in the same manuscript, allowing the reader to distinguish evidential breadth from evidential certainty.", "claim_id": "claim_17"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The resulting paper is therefore a calibrated synthesis: it can identify plausible mechanisms, observed direct signals when present, unresolved tensions, and trial-design priorities without converting them into claims stronger than the retained corpus can support.", "claim_id": "claim_18"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias sidecar when populated, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.", "claim_id": "claim_19"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Risk-of-bias framework assignment follows study design (RoB-2 for RCTs, ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies, AMSTAR-2 for systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Public appraisal claims are limited to populated `risk_of_bias.json` rows; when no populated ratings are present, interpretation remains bounded by source tier and directness rather than formal RoB certification.", "claim_id": "claim_20"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (cardiometabolic, contextual adjacent evidence, deficiency prevalence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, immune and inflammation, longevity, muscle function, safety and comorbidity, skeletal, fracture, and bone); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.", "claim_id": "claim_21"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.", "claim_id": "claim_22"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "claim_id": "claim_23"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=34; claims=1717 | no extracted directional signal in 30/34 sources | 12 direct; 12 indirect; 1 protocol; 9 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "claim_id": "claim_24"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "claim_id": "claim_25"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Contextual Adjacent Evidence: n=34; claims=1717; no extracted directional signal in 30/34 sources | directness: 12 direct; 12 indirect; 9 review; 1 protocol; main limitation: directionally heterogeneous.", "claim_id": "claim_26"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Five curated studies form the cardiometabolic evidence base. Mohammadi 2025 reported a dose of 5 mg. Movahedian 2025 reported a dose of 5 mg. Mohammadi 2025b is a random-effects systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of melatonin supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors.", "claim_id": "claim_27"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Mechanistically, the cardiometabolic findings map onto the corpus pathway of oxidative-stress modulation and inflammation suppression. In a clinical RCT, Casper 2024 demonstrated that pre-surgical melatonin loading reduced post-ischemic inflammation with P = 0.0001 on a key inflammatory endpoint. Movahedian 2025 reported a dose of 5 mg. Preclinical and indirect human data, represented by Mohammadi 2025 and Lv 2025, suggest that the same antioxidant substrate extends to glycemic and postoperative recovery contexts, although with non-uniform signal strength across comparator timepoints.", "claim_id": "claim_28"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Within-corpus tensions are prominent in this outcome class. The two direct RCTs — Casper 2024 and Movahedian 2025 — agree on a positive cardiometabolic direction, with overlapping significant p-values on inflammatory and oxidative endpoints (e. For example, P = 0.005 in both, P = 0.0001 in Casper 2024, P = 0.001 in Movahedian 2025). The boundary between direct RCT evidence (Casper 2024, Movahedian 2025) and indirect observational or review-level evidence (Mohammadi 2025, Lv 2025, Mohammadi 2025b) remains the principal source of within-corpus disagreement and is preserved throughout this synthesis.", "claim_id": "claim_29"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9", "study": "Melatonin administered postoperatively lowers oxidative stress and inflammation and significantly recovers heart function in patients undergoing CABG surgery", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02789-9"}, {"doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2", "study": "Effects of melatonin on advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20792-2"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8", "study": "Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-025-08221-8"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu18010134", "study": "Comprehensive Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010134"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6", "study": "Melatonin ameliorates inflammation and improves outcomes of ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-024-02040-6"}], "claim": "Across the curated melatonin corpus, the largest single outcome class — Contextual Adjacent Evidence — clusters heterogeneous indications (sleep onset and quality, peri-operative and ICU delirium, cognitive function, reproductive endocrinology, vaccination, hemodialysis, periodontal repair, pediatric IV cannulation, multiple-myeloma–associated sleep disturbance, and Parkinsonian motor symptoms) under one umbrella, and the studies disagree on direction more often than they agree.", "claim_id": "claim_30"}]}
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