source · application/json
source_125b78d2547a40eb
sha256 52186f615a78cbf51712b6cf0c5bab00a3b075513cd585053a9b7b544dffee75
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-26 10:44:56.471624+04:00
{"publication_id": "bcf8e6aa-7e5d-4562-b24d-2e242da28100", "traces": [{"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Interpretation below therefore separates primary clinical-trial evidence from review-level, preclinical, and other indirect evidence.", "claim_id": "claim_1"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "This synthesis tests the thesis that evidence for Influenza Vaccination Rates is context-dependent, separating outcome-specific signals from broader claims and identifying the evidence gaps that should bound interpretation.", "claim_id": "claim_2"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Evidence-honesty note: 24/26 retained sources are coded as null or no extracted directional signal; this corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy claims and hypothesis-generating only. Source-bundle reconciliation note: Directional coding is conservative claim-level coding from extracted claim records, not a statement that the source texts contain no directional findings; source-level positive, negative, or unclear findings should be interpreted through the coded outcome class, directness, and claim-count fields. 17/26 retained sources are indirect, review-level, adjacent, or mechanistic and are used only to bound interpretation. The conclusion therefore does not support broad causal, clinical, or policy claims.", "claim_id": "claim_3"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "This paper synthesizes evidence on influenza vaccination rates across 26 included source papers and 776 high-confidence extracted claims.", "claim_id": "claim_4"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "The evidence profile contains 9 direct clinical sources, 17 adjacent clinical sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence, with a high-density pairwise disagreement map across the evidence base.", "claim_id": "claim_5"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "No single positive outcome class dominates the retained corpus; null signals cluster in the contextual adjacent evidence, safety and comorbidity, deficiency prevalence outcome classes, and negative signals cluster in no dominant outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "claim_id": "claim_6"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "The conclusion is that influenza vaccination rates should be treated as a bounded geroscience hypothesis: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "claim_id": "claim_7"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "claim_id": "claim_8"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "claim_id": "claim_9"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=18; claims=518 | no extracted directional signal in 18/18 sources | 7 direct; 7 indirect; 2 protocol; 2 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "claim_id": "claim_10"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "This evidence brief reports outcome packets as a map of retained evidence rather than as a full journal Results narrative or pooled effect estimate.", "claim_id": "claim_11"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "18 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=18. Directness coding: direct=7, indirect=7, protocol=2, review=2.", "claim_id": "claim_12"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "3 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2, unclear=1. Directness coding: indirect=2, review=1.", "claim_id": "claim_13"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "claim_id": "claim_14"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "claim_id": "claim_15"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: direct=1.", "claim_id": "claim_16"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "claim_id": "claim_17"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Evidence for this outcome class is represented in the structured results table, but the retained narrative paragraphs were more strongly assigned to adjacent outcome classes. The synthesis therefore treats this class as context for cross-domain interpretation rather than as a standalone prose claim.", "claim_id": "claim_18"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Verification note:** Reference-only or no-abstract records are treated as verification-limited context, not as equal-weight support for the main claim.", "claim_id": "claim_19"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "The corpus assembled for this synthesis reflects the trade-off between a 55-candidate intake pool and a 26-paper analytic set, and the resulting gaps have direct consequences for the headline conclusions. The aspirational 70% Healthy benchmark cited in Szilagyi 2025 is therefore addressable here only as an external target, not as an internal comparator, and any claim of convergence on that threshold from this corpus is unsupported.", "claim_id": "claim_20"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Population specificity constrains the external validity of the corpus more than the prevalence figures suggest. Low- and middle-income country representation outside China and Saudi Arabia is thin, the LGBTQ+ preventive-services subgroup is captured only in Tran 2025, and pediatric, pregnant, and immunocompromised-but-non-SLE populations are essentially absent. Generalization beyond the enrolled populations — for example, to Sub-Saharan African, South Asian, or Pacific-Islander adults — is not supported.", "claim_id": "claim_21"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Endpoint coverage is uneven and several clinically consequential outcomes are simply not measured within the admitted set. No source in the 26-paper corpus reports confirmed laboratory-attributable influenza incidence, hospitalization for influenza or pneumonia, intensive-care utilization, mortality, or cost-effectiveness as a primary endpoint, and the three D1/Protocol sources — Hassan 2024, Liu 2025, Zhang 2024 — by construction contribute only design and anticipated effect-size information rather than outcome data. Liu 2025 anticipates a roughly 10% absolute increase in vaccination uptake from rapid verbal persuasion, but this is a prespecified estimate, not an observed effect. The four safety comorbidity and immune/immune inflammation sources (Costantino 2024, Jiang 2025, Ogawa 2025, Heisig 2026) capture adherence and short-window adverse-event signal rather than the hard outcomes that would adjudicate net clinical benefit. Ioannidis 2005 reminds readers that surrogate associations do not guarantee hard-outcome validity, a caution that applies directly here: the proxy outcomes available cannot, on their own, support inferences about hospitalization or mortality reduction.", "claim_id": "claim_22"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "A mechanism-to-clinic gap runs through several claims that are otherwise clinically attractive. Until mechanism-bearing sources are paired with hard-outcome trials in the same population, mechanistic findings should be treated as hypothesis-generating, not as evidence of clinical benefit.", "claim_id": "claim_23"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "For influenza vaccination rates, the final interpretation is deliberately tiered: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines a bounded geroscience rationale, but the corpus does not support treating mechanistic target engagement, intermediate biomarkers, and patient-relevant outcomes as interchangeable evidence. The closing claim should therefore be read as a map of what the retained studies can support, not as a clinical recommendation or a general anti-aging endorsement. Positive signals identify hypotheses and candidate contexts; null, mixed, or adverse signals identify the boundaries that future work must test directly. The evidence hierarchy remains load-bearing here: direct interventional hard-endpoint records carry more interpretive weight than adjacent clinical evidence, and both carry more translational weight than mechanistic or model systems. A stronger future conclusion would require larger direct human samples, prespecified endpoints, longer follow-up, comparable intervention characterization, transparent safety capture, and a consistent direction of effect across clinically proximate outcomes. Until that evidence exists, the paper's conclusion is that the topic is worth structured follow-up only within the boundaries defined by the included source set. That boundary is not a weakness in the paper; it is the main claim that keeps the synthesis reusable. Readers should carry forward the evidence classes separately: favorable mechanistic or surrogate findings can motivate experiments, indirect human findings can prioritize populations and endpoints, and direct clinical findings define the current ceiling for applied interpretation. The current corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy or general health-intervention claims; it supports only hypothesis generation and structured follow-up within the limits of indirect evidence. Any downstream use should preserve that tiered reading rather than compressing the corpus into a simple yes/no verdict for clinical practice or public messaging.", "claim_id": "claim_24"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "This synthesis maps 26 included sources on Influenza Vaccination Rates across 7 outcome classes and a high-density pairwise disagreement map. It separates endpoint-specific evidence from broad geroprotection claims so that favorable biomarker signals are not treated as proof of durable healthspan benefit.", "claim_id": "claim_25"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "Across 26 curated reference papers, the evidence base for Influenza shows a context-dependent profile. Null findings dominate: contextual other, safety comorbidity. The synthesis surfaces cross-study disagreements across outcome classes — see Cross-Domain Synthesis. The influenza vaccination case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established.", "claim_id": "claim_26"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "The strongest unresolved contrast is the indirectness gap between Hassan 2024 and Xie 2024 on contextual adjacent evidence (severity 3/5), which defines the boundary condition future studies must test rather than smooth over.", "claim_id": "claim_27"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "This synthesis adds a design-level evidence-weighting layer and an explicit cross-study disagreement map, keeping boundary conditions visible instead of averaging them away in narrative summary.", "claim_id": "claim_28"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1"}, {"doi": "10.2196/38710", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6"}, {"doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Direct sources | Indirect / mechanism sources | Direction profile | Interpretation boundary |", "claim_id": "claim_29"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with 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