source · application/json
source_2073113087064029
sha256 6ff5105a87bc5aca04045693725caf2fea9deb4729fecb2a2c8bef6283163710
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-23 12:28:23.456203+04:00
{"content_hash": "sha256:d2ae5806a456b0e3c78bf47be52dbe53b0f5dbb829c9ce237b0eb6f14588c2fa", "edges": [{"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_1", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_2", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_3", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_4", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_5", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_6", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_7", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_8", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_9", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_10", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_11", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_12", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_13", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_14", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_15", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_16", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_17", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_18", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_19", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_20", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_21", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_22", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_23", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_24", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_25", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_26", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_27", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_28", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_29", "type": "contains_claim"}, {"from": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "to": "claim_30", "type": "contains_claim"}], "nodes": [{"id": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "title": "Hypothesis-Generating Brief: Hyperbaric oxygen — full paper", "type": "publication"}, {"id": "claim_1", "text": "This paper synthesizes evidence on Hyperbaric oxygen across 29 accepted source papers and 737 high-confidence extracted claims.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_2", "text": "The evidence profile contains 2 direct clinical sources, 25 adjacent clinical sources, and 2 mechanistic or model-system sources, with 83 cross-study disagreements across the evidence base.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_3", "text": "Positive study-level signals are summarized in the contextual adjacent evidence outcome class, null signals in the contextual adjacent evidence, safety and comorbidity, immune and inflammation outcome classes, and negative signals in no dominant outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_4", "text": "The conclusion is that Hyperbaric oxygen remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained clinical and mechanistic evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_5", "text": "This manuscript is reported as a Thin-corpus evidence brief. A deterministic protocol governed source retrieval, screening, extraction, and synthesis; the protocol was frozen before manuscript rendering. The full audit trail is in the supplementary `methods_pack.json` and the timestamped submission directory `synthesis-hyperbaric_oxygen_hbot-v06-DAILY-2026-06-23T08-22-05Z-R2`.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_6", "text": "The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias sidecar when populated, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_7", "text": "Risk-of-bias framework assignment follows study design (RoB-2 for RCTs, ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies, AMSTAR-2 for systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Public appraisal claims are limited to populated `risk_of_bias.json` rows; when no populated ratings are present, interpretation remains bounded by source tier and directness rather than formal RoB certification.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_8", "text": "Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (contextual adjacent evidence, deficiency prevalence, immune and inflammation, safety and comorbidity); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_9", "text": "Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_10", "text": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_11", "text": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_12", "text": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=20; claims=474 | no extracted directional signal in 15/20 sources | 1 direct; 13 indirect; 6 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_13", "text": "This evidence brief reports outcome packets as a map of retained evidence rather than as a full journal Results narrative or pooled effect estimate.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_14", "text": "20 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: mixed=1, null=15, positive=2, unclear=2. Directness coding: direct=1, indirect=13, review=6.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_15", "text": "Evidence for this outcome class is represented in the structured results table, but the retained narrative paragraphs were more strongly assigned to adjacent outcome classes. The synthesis therefore treats this class as context for cross-domain interpretation rather than as a standalone prose claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_16", "text": "2 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2. Directness coding: indirect=2.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_17", "text": "2 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2. Directness coding: indirect=1, mechanistic=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_18", "text": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: mechanistic=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_19", "text": "Verification note:** Reference-only or no-abstract records are treated as verification-limited context, not as equal-weight support for the main claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_20", "text": "A second limitation is single-trial generalization. Several clinically relevant findings rest on a single source and therefore cannot be cross-checked within the corpus. When an outcome is touched by only one source, the synthesized direction can be replicated only by appealing to evidence outside the corpus, and the directional code (e. For example, positive in Wang 2025, positive in Xu 2026) cannot be triangulated against an independent trial — a constraint the existing meta-analyses in the set (Fujita 2026; Astasio-Picado 2026) do not fully neutralize because they pool overlapping primary studies rather than independent replications.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_21", "text": "A fifth limitation is the mechanism-to-clinic gap. There is no curative human RCT in this corpus for Parkinson's disease with cognitive dysfunction (Tancredi-style risk not assessable; the only entry is a protocol, Tan 2024), no long-term randomized data in central retinal artery occlusion beyond the pooled estimate in Bakdalieh 2026, and no adequately powered trial in non-specific age-related vascular decline. The cross-study disagreement count — operationally defined here as any two sources within the same outcome class with opposing directional codes or non-overlapping confidence intervals — totals approximately 75 such pairings in the curated cross-study disagreement map, and that high disagreement rate, against a mechanistic-but-sparse-clinical backdrop, means the present corpus cannot by itself adjudicate whether the mechanistic plausibility translates into clinically meaningful benefit for an aging population.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_22", "text": "For Hyperbaric oxygen, the final interpretation is deliberately tiered: the retained clinical and mechanistic evidence profile defines a bounded geroscience rationale, but the corpus does not support treating mechanistic target engagement, intermediate biomarkers, and patient-relevant outcomes as interchangeable evidence. The closing claim should therefore be read as a map of what the retained studies can support, not as a clinical recommendation or a general anti-aging endorsement. Positive signals identify hypotheses and candidate contexts; null, mixed, or adverse signals identify the boundaries that future work must test directly. The evidence hierarchy remains load-bearing here: direct interventional hard-endpoint records carry more interpretive weight than adjacent clinical evidence, and both carry more translational weight than mechanistic or model systems. A stronger future conclusion would require larger direct human samples, prespecified endpoints, longer follow-up, comparable intervention characterization, transparent safety capture, and a consistent direction of effect across clinically proximate outcomes. Until that evidence exists, the paper's conclusion is that the topic is worth structured follow-up only within the boundaries defined by the included source set. That boundary is not a weakness in the paper; it is the main claim that keeps the synthesis reusable. Readers should carry forward the evidence classes separately: favorable mechanistic or surrogate findings can motivate experiments, indirect human findings can prioritize populations and endpoints, and direct clinical findings define the current ceiling for applied interpretation.The current corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy or general health-intervention claims; it supports only hypothesis generation and structured follow-up within the limits of indirect evidence. Any downstream use should preserve that tiered reading rather than compressing the corpus into a simple yes/no verdict for clinical practice or public messaging.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_23", "text": "This synthesis maps 29 included sources on Hyperbaric Oxygen Hbot across 5 outcome classes and cross-study disagreements. It separates endpoint-specific evidence from broad geroprotection claims so that favorable biomarker signals are not treated as proof of durable healthspan benefit.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_24", "text": "Across 29 curated reference papers, the evidence base for Hyperbaric shows a context-dependent profile. Positive signals appear in: contextual other. Null findings dominate: contextual other, safety comorbidity. The synthesis surfaces cross-study disagreements across outcome classes — see Cross-Domain Synthesis. The Hyperbaric anti-aging case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_25", "text": "The strongest unresolved contrast is the null vs positive between Wu 2024 and Wang 2025 on contextual adjacent evidence (severity 4/5), which defines the boundary condition future studies must test rather than smooth over.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_26", "text": "Prior reviews in the corpus (Wang 2025, Molina-Vega 2026) emphasize convergent signals on Hyperbaric Oxygen Hbot. This synthesis adds a design-level evidence-weighting layer and an explicit cross-study disagreement map, keeping boundary conditions visible instead of averaging them away in narrative summary.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_27", "text": "| Evidence domain | Direct sources | Indirect / mechanism sources | Direction profile | Interpretation boundary |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_28", "text": "| immune and inflammation | 0 | 1 | null | direct interventional hard-endpoint gap |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_29", "text": "| deficiency prevalence | 0 | 2 | null | direct interventional hard-endpoint gap |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_30", "text": "| immune and inflammation | 0 | 2 | null | direct interventional hard-endpoint gap |", "type": "claim"}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/iwj.70856", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_1", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.70856", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12873-025-01410-w", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_2", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Serum lactate and carboxyhemoglobin as predictors of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning: a retrospective study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01410-w", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2025-112284", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_3", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "HOTFy: randomised clinical trial for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in fibromyalgia", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-112284", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/jcm14092984", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_4", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Risk Factors for Middle Ear Barotrauma in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Undergoing Monoplace Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14092984", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1775204", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_5", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "The awakening effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with systematic auditory stimulation in comatose patients with craniocerebral injury and its influence on serum biomarkers", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1775204", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/jcm15051725", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_6", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Phase-Specific Changes in Vital Signs and Electrocardiogram Findings During Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Hemodynamically Stable Patients: A Prospective Observational Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15051725", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2025.1632414", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_7", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation enteritis and clinical parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1632414", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/brainsci16020165", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_8", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: Insights from Nearly Five Decades of Evidence with Single-Center Experience", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020165", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/jfb17050209", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_9", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Do Different Durations of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Affect the Microleakage of Bulk-Fill Composites?", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17050209", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2025.1706637", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_10", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Clinical efficacy and mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of rheumatic and immune diseases", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1706637", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1515/med-2025-1351", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_11", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Optimizing hyperbaric oxygen initiation time in carbon monoxide poisoning: a 3-hour window enhances neurological recovery via lactate clearance", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2025-1351", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1097/MD.0000000000044893", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_12", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hematological safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in oncology: Stratified analysis by chemotherapy and herbal medicine use", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000044893", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2025.1641033", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_13", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves post-concussion symptoms in adults with childhood traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1641033", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/healthcare13020128", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_14", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020128", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1690633", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_15", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on sleep quality across diverse patient populations", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2026.1690633", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3390/jcm15072628", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_16", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Versus Intravenous Thrombolysis in the Treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15072628", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1002/ams2.70114", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_17", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Evaluating the Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ams2.70114", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1093/jbcr/irag026", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_18", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Burn Care: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irag026", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/s26061794", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_19", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cerebral Activity in Stroke Patients Based on fNIRS", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s26061794", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.37796/2211-8039.1693", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_20", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic diabetic foot ulcer unresponsive to standard care: A case report", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37796/2211-8039.1693", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.4103/nah.nah_19_24", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_21", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Combined with Music Therapy on Brain Function and Mental Health of Patients with Aneurismal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/nah.nah_19_24", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3390/medicina62010109", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_22", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Comparative Evidence on Negative Pressure Therapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review of Independent Effectiveness and Clinical Applicability", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62010109", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1093/jbcr/irag033.192", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_23", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "1004. Case Study. 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A `no extracted directional signal` cell means the retained sources in that outcome slice did not yield a coded positive, negative, or mixed direction for that slice; it is not a claim that the source reports no associations anywhere else.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_33", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Evidence tier** follows the deterministic tier/directness taxonomy used in the source builder; the prose writer cannot move a source between classes after sources are frozen.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_34", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Ioannidis 2005", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124", "year": null}], "publication_id": "99bae081-2617-48d1-8627-0786168ef5e1", "screening": {"excluded": 0, "exclusion_reasons": ["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."], "flow": ["identified", "screened", "excluded_with_reasons", "included"], "identified": 29, "included": 29, "included_or_retained": 29, "screened": 29, "wording": "29 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. 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