source · application/json
source_2752b78b704d4871
sha256 04037f545a08b9203fd89d4cb44bbe9a6362fcde1e64e575d325cdbfe170da6d
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-14 09:33:27.881484+04:00
{"publication_id": "df30885c-db08-4bed-836f-082bf8a890c3", "traces": [{"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "Evidence-honesty note: 24/26 retained sources are coded as null or no extracted directional signal; this corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy claims and hypothesis-generating only. Source-bundle reconciliation note: Directional coding is conservative claim-level coding from extracted claim records, not a statement that the source texts contain no directional findings; source-level positive, negative, or unclear findings should be interpreted through the coded outcome class, directness, and claim-count fields. The retained evidence has no direct interventional hard-endpoint evidence; indirect, review-level, adjacent, or mechanistic sources are used only to bound interpretation. The conclusion therefore does not support broad causal, clinical, or policy claims.", "claim_id": "claim_1"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "This paper synthesizes evidence on telomere biomarker effects across 26 accepted source papers and 938 high-confidence extracted claims.", "claim_id": "claim_2"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "The evidence profile contains no sources classified primarily as direct interventional hard-endpoint evidence, 14 adjacent clinical sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence, with 0 cross-study disagreements across the evidence base.", "claim_id": "claim_3"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "No single positive outcome class dominates the retained corpus; null signals cluster in the contextual adjacent evidence, immune and inflammation, mortality and survival outcome classes, and negative signals cluster in no dominant outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "claim_id": "claim_4"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "The conclusion is that telomere biomarker effects remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "claim_id": "claim_5"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "This manuscript is reported as a Thin-corpus evidence brief. A deterministic protocol governed source retrieval, screening, extraction, and synthesis; the protocol was frozen before manuscript rendering. The full audit trail is in the supplementary `methods_pack.json` and the timestamped submission directory `synthesis-telomere_biomarker_effects-v06-DAILY-2026-06-14T04-56-17Z-R2`.", "claim_id": "claim_6"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias appraisal, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.", "claim_id": "claim_7"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "Per-source risk-of-bias was rated using design-appropriate Cochrane RoB-2 (RCTs), ROBINS-I (non-randomised studies), and AMSTAR-2 (systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Ratings recorded in `risk_of_bias.json`.", "claim_id": "claim_8"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (cardiometabolic, contextual adjacent evidence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, frailty, immune and inflammation, mortality and survival, muscle function, safety and comorbidity); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.", "claim_id": "claim_9"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.", "claim_id": "claim_10"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "claim_id": "claim_11"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=14; claims=448 | no extracted directional signal in 12/14 sources | 7 indirect; 7 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "claim_id": "claim_12"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "claim_id": "claim_13"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "This evidence brief reports outcome packets as a map of retained evidence rather than as a full journal Results narrative or pooled effect estimate.", "claim_id": "claim_14"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "14 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: mixed=1, null=12, unclear=1. Directness coding: indirect=7, review=7.", "claim_id": "claim_15"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "5 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=5. Directness coding: indirect=3, review=2.", "claim_id": "claim_16"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "2 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2. Directness coding: indirect=1, review=1.", "claim_id": "claim_17"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. 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Directness coding: indirect=1.", "claim_id": "claim_22"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "Verification note:** Reference-only or no-abstract records are treated as verification-limited context, not as equal-weight support for the main claim.", "claim_id": "claim_23"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "The curated corpus does not include a long-term, well-powered randomized controlled trial in non-diabetic community-dwelling adults powered for hard clinical endpoints such as all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, or incident frailty. As a result, the headline conclusion that the anti-aging case remains incomplete is supported only by indirect and observational evidence, and any inference about whether modifying telomere length in healthy adults would change morbidity or mortality cannot be grounded in the present corpus.", "claim_id": "claim_24"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "For several clinically attractive claims, the corpus supplies only mechanistic or indirect evidence and no direct in-human demonstration. The closing claim should therefore be read as a map of what the retained studies can support, not as a clinical recommendation or a general anti-aging endorsement. Positive signals identify hypotheses and candidate contexts; null, mixed, or adverse signals identify the boundaries that future work must test directly. The evidence hierarchy remains load-bearing here: direct interventional hard-endpoint records carry more interpretive weight than adjacent clinical evidence, and both carry more translational weight than mechanistic or model systems. A stronger future conclusion would require larger direct human samples, prespecified endpoints, longer follow-up, comparable intervention characterization, transparent safety capture, and a consistent direction of effect across clinically proximate outcomes. Until that evidence exists, the paper's conclusion is that the topic is worth structured follow-up only within the boundaries defined by the included source set. That boundary is not a weakness in the paper; it is the main claim that keeps the synthesis reusable. Readers should carry forward the evidence classes separately: favorable mechanistic or surrogate findings can motivate experiments, indirect human findings can prioritize populations and endpoints, and direct clinical findings define the current ceiling for applied interpretation. The current corpus may support telomere biomarker effects as a general health or lifestyle intervention where otherwise indicated, but does not justify marketing it as a standalone geroprotective or anti-aging intervention with proven hard-longevity effects. Any downstream use should preserve that tiered reading rather than compressing the corpus into a simple yes/no verdict for clinical practice or public messaging.", "claim_id": "claim_25"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "This synthesis maps 26 included sources on Telomere Biomarker Effects across 8 outcome classes with no cross-study disagreements surfaced. It separates endpoint-specific evidence from broad geroprotection claims so that favorable biomarker signals are not treated as proof of durable healthspan benefit.", "claim_id": "claim_26"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "Across 26 curated reference papers, the evidence base for Telomere Biomarker Effects shows a context-dependent profile. Null findings dominate: contextual other, immune inflammation. The Telomere Biomarker Effects anti-aging case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established.", "claim_id": "claim_27"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "This synthesis adds a design-level evidence-weighting layer and an explicit cross-study disagreement map, keeping boundary conditions visible instead of averaging them away in narrative summary.", "claim_id": "claim_28"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Direct sources | Indirect / mechanism sources | Direction profile | Interpretation boundary |", "claim_id": "claim_29"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3", "study": "Role of telomere length and telomerase activity in accelerated cellular aging and major depressive disorder: a systematic review", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03296-3"}, {"doi": "10.37349/etat.2025.1002289", "study": "Shorter telomere length as a prognostic marker for survival and recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.37349/etat.2025.1002289"}, {"doi": "10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6", "study": "Effects of TA-65 on telomere length, functional outcomes, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-025-10115-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3", "study": "Determinants of temporal change in telomere length and its associations with chronic complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02832-3"}, {"doi": "10.3390/nu17020319", "study": "Beneficial Effects of a Moderately High-Protein Diet on Telomere Length in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020319"}], "claim": "| contextual adjacent evidence | 0 | 14 | mixed, null, unclear | direct interventional hard-endpoint gap |", "claim_id": "claim_30"}]}
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