source · application/json
source_2b1f5e3ae58d48f9
sha256 e9457a839f5c0797c4254dc9dfe5d325c019461442776fdf8dcfaf1307985644
by researka:v2 · 2026-07-04 01:38:58.181807+04:00
{"publication_id": "f585d82f-ef44-4c56-be90-980cfd58978a", "traces": [{"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "Across retrieved source-level receipts for metformin, which endpoints show directionally favorable versus null/non-convergent signals, and what matched PICO remains untested?", "claim_id": "claim_1"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "direct_doi_match", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}], "claim": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [review; 2010] doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "claim_id": "claim_2"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "Finding: A 31% reduction in overall summary relative risk (0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.79) was found in subjects taking metformin compared with other antidiabetic drugs.", "claim_id": "claim_3"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "direct_doi_match", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [review; 2013] doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "claim_id": "claim_4"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "| Outcome family | Receipt | Evidence role | Population/setting | Metric | Extracted finding |", "claim_id": "claim_5"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "| outcome-specific | Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and... | directionally favorable | diabetic patients | - | A 31% reduction in overall summary relative risk (0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.79) was found in... |", "claim_id": "claim_6"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "| outcome-specific | Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a... | directionally favorable | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | - | a 50% reduction in HCC incidence with metformin use |", "claim_id": "claim_7"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "| Outcome family | Receipt | Evidence role | Population/setting | Metric | Extracted finding |", "claim_id": "claim_8"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "This receipt-backed scoping note has one bounded signal: metformin shows endpoint-specific favorable signals with context limits across this 5-source primary/review bundle (2010-2022). Evidence role grouping: direction-bearing receipts: 4; null/mixed metric-scope caveat receipts: 0; context/antecedent/model receipts: 1 excluded from effect support. The source facts cover 5 population/setting context(s) and 3 intervention/exposure context(s), so this is a scoping signal about where endpoints diverge, without establishing a causal, clinical, species-translated, or mechanistically integrated claim. The listed effect sizes remain source-specific across endpoints and populations; they are not pooled or averaged. This is a heterogeneous indication/context map, not a unified disease-specific or endpoint-family claim. Concrete contrast: other/mixed: Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients: Mitochondria from the type 2 diabetic patients not treated with metformin displayed more reactive oxygen...; directionally favorable: Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus: Chronic treatment with metformin for 24 weeks improved cognitive performance, as assessed by the Wechsler....", "claim_id": "claim_9"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "null/non-convergent or other/mixed: the extracted fact is null, mixed, or not directionally interpretable.", "claim_id": "claim_10"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "directionally favorable: Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — A 31% reduction in overall summary relative risk (0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.79) was found in subjects taking metformin compared with other antidiabetic drugs.", "claim_id": "claim_11"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "directionally favorable: Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — a 50% reduction in HCC incidence with metformin use", "claim_id": "claim_12"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy 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receipts: 4; null/mixed metric-scope caveat receipts: 0; context/antecedent/model receipts: 1 excluded from effect support.", "claim_id": "claim_13"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and 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"not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "Specific moderators in this bundle are outcome type (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance; overall survival (OS)), population/indication (Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; diabetic lung cancer patients; diabetic patients; patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetic patients), study design/evidence type (primary/review). Single primary-study estimates are separated from pooled review or meta-analytic estimates rather than treated as interchangeable.", "claim_id": "claim_14"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "Population/settings are separated as receipt context: Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic lung cancer patients, diabetic patients, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and type 2 diabetic patients. The selected receipts group because each carries a fact-level extraction for metformin; they separate by context (human clinical/observational) and endpoint, so they are not interchangeable evidence for one pooled claim.", "claim_id": "claim_15"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1440-1681.12265", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised cognitive performance", "population": "Depressed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_1", "study": "Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12265"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.7150/jca.19750", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "overall survival (OS)", "population": "diabetic lung cancer patients", "source_id": "source_2", "study": "The Clinical Effect of Metformin on the Survival of Lung Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective Studies", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.19750"}, {"directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "type 2 diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_3", "study": "Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102342"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "diabetic patients", "source_id": "source_4", "study": "Metformin and Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0157"}, {"directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1038/ajg.2013.5", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "population": "patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", "source_id": "source_5", "study": "Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "support_kind": "candidate_source_row", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.5"}], "claim": "The signal is purely descriptive of source-level direction and scope; it cannot support even a weak causal or comparative-efficacy inference, and pooling across these PICOs would be inappropriate.", "claim_id": "claim_16"}]}
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