source · application/json
source_629139b92caf4b33
sha256 85f65587daee67303936d76cca424e401e4ba77f97b106e77d35dba96f8125c7
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-14 12:21:22.754965+04:00
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Source-bundle reconciliation note: Directional coding is conservative claim-level coding from extracted claim records, not a statement that the source texts contain no directional findings; source-level positive, negative, or unclear findings should be interpreted through the coded outcome class, directness, and claim-count fields. 53/61 retained sources are indirect, review-level, adjacent, or mechanistic and are used only to bound interpretation. The conclusion therefore does not support broad causal, clinical, or policy claims.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_2", "text": "This paper synthesizes evidence on resveratrol effects across 61 included source papers and 2515 high-confidence extracted claims.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_3", "text": "The evidence profile contains 8 direct clinical sources, 21 adjacent clinical sources, and 1 mechanistic or model-system source, with 491 cross-study disagreements across the evidence base.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_4", "text": "Positive study-level signals are summarized in the immune outcome class; null signals are summarized in the contextual adjacent evidence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, safety and comorbidity, skeletal, fracture, and bone, deficiency prevalence, and muscle function outcome classes; negative signals are not the dominant direction in any outcome class; mixed or heterogeneous signals are summarized in the cardiometabolic, frailty, immune and inflammation, and longevity outcome classes. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_5", "text": "The conclusion is that resveratrol effects should be treated as a bounded geroscience hypothesis: the retained clinical and mechanistic evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_6", "text": "This manuscript is reported as a Thin-corpus evidence brief. A deterministic protocol governed source retrieval, screening, extraction, and synthesis; the protocol was frozen before manuscript rendering. The full audit trail is in the supplementary `methods_pack.json` and the timestamped submission directory `synthesis-resveratrol_effects-v06-DAILY-2026-06-14T08-15-12Z`.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_7", "text": "The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias appraisal, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_8", "text": "Per-source risk-of-bias was rated using design-appropriate Cochrane RoB-2 (RCTs), ROBINS-I (non-randomised studies), and AMSTAR-2 (systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Ratings recorded in `risk_of_bias.json`.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_9", "text": "Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (cardiometabolic, contextual adjacent evidence, deficiency prevalence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, frailty, immune, immune and inflammation, longevity, muscle function, safety and comorbidity, skeletal, fracture, and bone); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_10", "text": "Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_11", "text": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_12", "text": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=20; claims=1137 | no extracted directional signal in 14/20 sources | 2 direct; 9 indirect; 9 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_13", "text": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_14", "text": "This evidence brief reports outcome packets as a map of retained evidence rather than as a full journal Results narrative or pooled effect estimate.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_15", "text": "20 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: mixed=2, null=14, positive=2, unclear=2. Directness coding: direct=2, indirect=9, review=9.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_16", "text": "12 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: negative=1, null=6, positive=2, unclear=3. Directness coding: indirect=5, review=7.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_17", "text": "Evidence for this outcome class is represented in the structured results table, but the retained narrative paragraphs were more strongly assigned to adjacent outcome classes. The synthesis therefore treats this class as context for cross-domain interpretation rather than as a standalone prose claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_18", "text": "3 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1, unclear=2. Directness coding: direct=1, review=2.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_19", "text": "2 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2. Directness coding: review=2.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_20", "text": "2 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2. Directness coding: indirect=1, review=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_21", "text": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_22", "text": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: review=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_23", "text": "Verification note:** Reference-only or no-abstract records are treated as verification-limited context, not as equal-weight support for the main claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_24", "text": "A key limitation of this synthesis is the absence of long-term mortality trials in the curated corpus, which precludes any conclusion about resveratrol’s impact on hard clinical endpoints in humans. The corpus is dominated by mechanistic and biomarker-focused studies, including preclinical systematic reviews (e.g., Li 2026) and human RCTs with intermediate endpoints such as inflammatory markers or metabolic profiles (e.g., Zhou 2023, Montoya-Estrada 2024). While these outcomes provide insight into biological plausibility, they do not establish whether resveratrol influences survival or disease progression over time. Without trials explicitly designed to evaluate mortality or major morbidity events, the external validity of the current evidence base remains constrained to surrogate domains.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_25", "text": "The evidence base is further constrained by the single-trial representation for several outcome classes, which limits the robustness of any pooled inferences and increases the risk of overgeneralization. For example, only one source (Dogan 2024) addresses ulcerative colitis outcomes, and its positive findings are not replicated within the corpus. Similarly, the skeletal fracture and bone outcomes are represented by a single review (Corbi 2023) with indirect evidence, leaving no clinical trial to corroborate its mechanistic claims. This single-trial dependency undermines the synthesis’s ability to distinguish true effects from idiosyncratic trial findings or publication bias, particularly in domains where no additional human data exist.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_26", "text": "Endpoint scope is another major limitation, as the corpus omits critical clinical outcomes that would be necessary to evaluate resveratrol’s therapeutic potential. No trials in the curated set assess hard endpoints such as cardiovascular events, stroke, or cancer incidence, despite mechanistic evidence suggesting potential benefits in these areas (e.g., Nyambuya 2020, Molani-Gol 2024). Similarly, there is a paucity of data on functional outcomes like mobility, activities of daily living, or quality of life in non-frail populations, with only qualitative evidence available for some domains (e.g., Hecker 2021). The reliance on surrogate biomarkers, such as inflammatory markers or bone turnover indices, limits the clinical interpretability of the findings and leaves uncertainty about whether observed biological changes translate into meaningful patient-centered outcomes.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_27", "text": "A fundamental mechanism-to-clinic gap persists, particularly in domains where mechanistic evidence is robust but clinical translation is sparse or conflicting. For instance, preclinical meta-analyses demonstrate consistent reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation with resveratrol supplementation (e.g., Li 2026, Lv 2025), yet human RCTs in similar mechanistic domains often report null or mixed findings (e.g., Nikniaz 2023, SHEN 2026). This disconnect suggests that factors such as bioavailability, dosing regimens, or population heterogeneity may critically mediate the translation of mechanistic effects into clinical benefits. Without trials specifically designed to bridge this gap—such as those incorporating pharmacokinetic-guided dosing or mechanistic stratification—the synthesis cannot resolve whether the observed preclinical signals are clinically actionable.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_28", "text": "For resveratrol effects, the final interpretation is deliberately tiered: the retained clinical and mechanistic evidence profile defines a bounded geroscience rationale, but the corpus does not support treating mechanistic target engagement, intermediate biomarkers, and patient-relevant outcomes as interchangeable evidence. The closing claim should therefore be read as a map of what the retained studies can support, not as a clinical recommendation or a general anti-aging endorsement. Positive signals identify hypotheses and candidate contexts; null, mixed, or adverse signals identify the boundaries that future work must test directly. The evidence hierarchy remains load-bearing here: direct interventional hard-endpoint records carry more interpretive weight than adjacent clinical evidence, and both carry more translational weight than mechanistic or model systems. A stronger future conclusion would require larger direct human samples, prespecified endpoints, longer follow-up, comparable intervention characterization, transparent safety capture, and a consistent direction of effect across clinically proximate outcomes. Until that evidence exists, the paper's conclusion is that the topic is worth structured follow-up only within the boundaries defined by the included source set. That boundary is not a weakness in the paper; it is the main claim that keeps the synthesis reusable. Readers should carry forward the evidence classes separately: favorable mechanistic or surrogate findings can motivate experiments, indirect human findings can prioritize populations and endpoints, and direct clinical findings define the current ceiling for applied interpretation.The current corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy or general health-intervention claims; it supports only hypothesis generation and structured follow-up within the limits of indirect evidence. Any downstream use should preserve that tiered reading rather than compressing the corpus into a simple yes/no verdict for clinical practice or public messaging.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_29", "text": "This synthesis maps 61 included sources on Resveratrol Effects across 11 outcome classes and 491 cross-study disagreements. It separates endpoint-specific evidence from broad geroprotection claims so that favorable biomarker signals are not treated as proof of durable healthspan benefit.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_30", "text": "Across 61 curated reference papers, the evidence base for Resveratrol Effects shows a context-dependent profile. Positive signals appear in: cardiometabolic, immune. Negative signals appear in: immune, dosing pharmacokinetics. Null findings dominate: contextual other, dosing pharmacokinetics. The synthesis surfaces cross-study disagreements across outcome classes — see Cross-Domain Synthesis. The Resveratrol Effects anti-aging case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established.", "type": "claim"}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1853441", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_1", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Protective effect and possible mechanisms of resveratrol in animal models of spinal cord injury: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1853441", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1186/s12906-021-03381-4", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_2", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effects of resveratrol supplementation on bone quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03381-4", "year": 2021}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/nu15030492", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_3", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "A Randomized Trial on Resveratrol Supplement Affecting Lipid Profile and Other Metabolic Markers in Subjects with Dyslipidemia", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030492", "year": 2023}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1753-0407.13608", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_4", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Resveratrol delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy through multiple pathways: A dose–response meta‐analysis based on animal models", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13608", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/ijms24087422", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_5", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effect of Resveratrol on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Sirtuin 1 in Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087422", "year": 2023}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2025.1588284", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_6", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effects of resveratrol on postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1588284", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.21873/invivo.14235", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_7", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Resveratrol Supplementation and its Potential Benefits in Obesity-related Non-communicable Diseases", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14235", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.11604/pamj.2023.44.134.32404", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_8", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Efficacy of resveratrol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2023.44.134.32404", "year": 2023}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1002/jbmr.4115", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_9", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Regular Supplementation With Resveratrol Improves Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4115", "year": 2020}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/nu16213775", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_10", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "The Administration of Resveratrol and Vitamin C Reduces Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women—A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213775", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fnut.2022.1064507", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_11", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effects of resveratrol on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1064507", "year": 2023}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2025.1615910", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_12", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "A comprehensive and systematic review on resveratrol supplementation as a promising candidate for the retinal disease: a focus on mechanisms of action from preclinical studies", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1615910", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1186/s12903-023-02877-4", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_13", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Impact of resveratrol supplementation on clinical parameters and inflammatory markers in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trail", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-02877-4", "year": 2023}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.4103/ijp.IJP_493_20", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_14", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Correlation between serum pro inflammatory cytokines and clinical scores of knee osteoarthritic patients using resveratrol as a supplementary therapy with meloxicam", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.IJP_493_20", "year": 2021}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/ijerph18052483", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_15", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Resveratrol ( Polygonum cuspidatum ), Luteolin, and Fisetin ( Rhus succedanea )", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052483", "year": 2021}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fendo.2024.1463027", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_16", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "The efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: randomized double-blind placebo meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1463027", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1080/19490976.2024.2392875", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_17", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Examination of sex-specific interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism after 12-week combined polyphenol supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2392875", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3390/molecules25235645", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_18", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Markers of Renal Function and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Hypoglycemic Therapy", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235645", "year": 2020}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1080/13880209.2022.2132264", "effect": 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"researka_publication_id": "74f2e7bc-86a7-4be8-97d5-b266e4647fa4",
"researka_submission_id": "3cf11730-12d2-45c6-ae32-2dd17b8c0f3d",
"sidecar_name": "claim_graph.json",
"sidecar_url": "https://api.researka.org/publications/74f2e7bc-86a7-4be8-97d5-b266e4647fa4/sidecars/claim_graph.json"
}