source · application/json
source_6f8539239c1f43c4
sha256 9bcb4ccd8b1bd5b100d8e7c78669bd9892581bfb7281591ae274133c3a91ce83
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-26 10:44:56.503186+04:00
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Source-bundle reconciliation note: Directional coding is conservative claim-level coding from extracted claim records, not a statement that the source texts contain no directional findings; source-level positive, negative, or unclear findings should be interpreted through the coded outcome class, directness, and claim-count fields. 17/26 retained sources are indirect, review-level, adjacent, or mechanistic and are used only to bound interpretation. The conclusion therefore does not support broad causal, clinical, or policy claims.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_4", "text": "This paper synthesizes evidence on influenza vaccination rates across 26 included source papers and 776 high-confidence extracted claims.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_5", "text": "The evidence profile contains 9 direct clinical sources, 17 adjacent clinical sources, and no sources classified primarily as mechanistic or model-system evidence, with a high-density pairwise disagreement map across the evidence base.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_6", "text": "No single positive outcome class dominates the retained corpus; null signals cluster in the contextual adjacent evidence, safety and comorbidity, deficiency prevalence outcome classes, and negative signals cluster in no dominant outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_7", "text": "The conclusion is that influenza vaccination rates should be treated as a bounded geroscience hypothesis: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_8", "text": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_9", "text": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_10", "text": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=18; claims=518 | no extracted directional signal in 18/18 sources | 7 direct; 7 indirect; 2 protocol; 2 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_11", "text": "This evidence brief reports outcome packets as a map of retained evidence rather than as a full journal Results narrative or pooled effect estimate.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_12", "text": "18 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=18. Directness coding: direct=7, indirect=7, protocol=2, review=2.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_13", "text": "3 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2, unclear=1. Directness coding: indirect=2, review=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_14", "text": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_15", "text": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_16", "text": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: direct=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_17", "text": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_18", "text": "Evidence for this outcome class is represented in the structured results table, but the retained narrative paragraphs were more strongly assigned to adjacent outcome classes. The synthesis therefore treats this class as context for cross-domain interpretation rather than as a standalone prose claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_19", "text": "Verification note:** Reference-only or no-abstract records are treated as verification-limited context, not as equal-weight support for the main claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_20", "text": "The corpus assembled for this synthesis reflects the trade-off between a 55-candidate intake pool and a 26-paper analytic set, and the resulting gaps have direct consequences for the headline conclusions. The aspirational 70% Healthy benchmark cited in Szilagyi 2025 is therefore addressable here only as an external target, not as an internal comparator, and any claim of convergence on that threshold from this corpus is unsupported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_21", "text": "Population specificity constrains the external validity of the corpus more than the prevalence figures suggest. Low- and middle-income country representation outside China and Saudi Arabia is thin, the LGBTQ+ preventive-services subgroup is captured only in Tran 2025, and pediatric, pregnant, and immunocompromised-but-non-SLE populations are essentially absent. Generalization beyond the enrolled populations — for example, to Sub-Saharan African, South Asian, or Pacific-Islander adults — is not supported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_22", "text": "Endpoint coverage is uneven and several clinically consequential outcomes are simply not measured within the admitted set. No source in the 26-paper corpus reports confirmed laboratory-attributable influenza incidence, hospitalization for influenza or pneumonia, intensive-care utilization, mortality, or cost-effectiveness as a primary endpoint, and the three D1/Protocol sources — Hassan 2024, Liu 2025, Zhang 2024 — by construction contribute only design and anticipated effect-size information rather than outcome data. Liu 2025 anticipates a roughly 10% absolute increase in vaccination uptake from rapid verbal persuasion, but this is a prespecified estimate, not an observed effect. The four safety comorbidity and immune/immune inflammation sources (Costantino 2024, Jiang 2025, Ogawa 2025, Heisig 2026) capture adherence and short-window adverse-event signal rather than the hard outcomes that would adjudicate net clinical benefit. Ioannidis 2005 reminds readers that surrogate associations do not guarantee hard-outcome validity, a caution that applies directly here: the proxy outcomes available cannot, on their own, support inferences about hospitalization or mortality reduction.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_23", "text": "A mechanism-to-clinic gap runs through several claims that are otherwise clinically attractive. Until mechanism-bearing sources are paired with hard-outcome trials in the same population, mechanistic findings should be treated as hypothesis-generating, not as evidence of clinical benefit.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_24", "text": "For influenza vaccination rates, the final interpretation is deliberately tiered: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines a bounded geroscience rationale, but the corpus does not support treating mechanistic target engagement, intermediate biomarkers, and patient-relevant outcomes as interchangeable evidence. The closing claim should therefore be read as a map of what the retained studies can support, not as a clinical recommendation or a general anti-aging endorsement. Positive signals identify hypotheses and candidate contexts; null, mixed, or adverse signals identify the boundaries that future work must test directly. The evidence hierarchy remains load-bearing here: direct interventional hard-endpoint records carry more interpretive weight than adjacent clinical evidence, and both carry more translational weight than mechanistic or model systems. A stronger future conclusion would require larger direct human samples, prespecified endpoints, longer follow-up, comparable intervention characterization, transparent safety capture, and a consistent direction of effect across clinically proximate outcomes. Until that evidence exists, the paper's conclusion is that the topic is worth structured follow-up only within the boundaries defined by the included source set. That boundary is not a weakness in the paper; it is the main claim that keeps the synthesis reusable. Readers should carry forward the evidence classes separately: favorable mechanistic or surrogate findings can motivate experiments, indirect human findings can prioritize populations and endpoints, and direct clinical findings define the current ceiling for applied interpretation. The current corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy or general health-intervention claims; it supports only hypothesis generation and structured follow-up within the limits of indirect evidence. Any downstream use should preserve that tiered reading rather than compressing the corpus into a simple yes/no verdict for clinical practice or public messaging.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_25", "text": "This synthesis maps 26 included sources on Influenza Vaccination Rates across 7 outcome classes and a high-density pairwise disagreement map. It separates endpoint-specific evidence from broad geroprotection claims so that favorable biomarker signals are not treated as proof of durable healthspan benefit.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_26", "text": "Across 26 curated reference papers, the evidence base for Influenza shows a context-dependent profile. Null findings dominate: contextual other, safety comorbidity. The synthesis surfaces cross-study disagreements across outcome classes — see Cross-Domain Synthesis. The influenza vaccination case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_27", "text": "The strongest unresolved contrast is the indirectness gap between Hassan 2024 and Xie 2024 on contextual adjacent evidence (severity 3/5), which defines the boundary condition future studies must test rather than smooth over.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_28", "text": "This synthesis adds a design-level evidence-weighting layer and an explicit cross-study disagreement map, keeping boundary conditions visible instead of averaging them away in narrative summary.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_29", "text": "| Evidence domain | Direct sources | Indirect / mechanism sources | Direction profile | Interpretation boundary |", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_30", "text": "| deficiency prevalence | 0 | 1 | null | direct interventional hard-endpoint gap |", "type": "claim"}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_1", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Analysis of influenza vaccination status and health information sources among middle-aged and older adults with multiple chronic diseases in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1719412", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_2", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Impact of multifaceted health education on influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04156-1", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.2196/38710", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_3", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Influence of Digital Intervention Messaging on Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/38710", "year": 2022}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_4", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "A study of booster dose influenza vaccination responses compared to standard dose in lupus patients: an open-labeled, randomized controlled study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01639-6", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_5", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effectiveness of a theory-informed intervention to increase care home staff influenza vaccination rates: a cluster randomised controlled trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaf023", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26514", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_6", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Video and Infographic Messages From Primary Care Physicians and Influenza Vaccination Rates", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26514", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.2196/76849", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_7", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effectiveness, Usability, and Acceptability of ChatGPT With Retrieval-Augmented Generation (SIV-ChatGPT) in Increasing Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Uptake Among Older Adults: Quasi-Experimental Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/76849", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360556", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_8", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Understanding the gap between guidelines and influenza vaccination coverage in people with diabetes: a scoping review", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360556", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12889-025-22144-1", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_9", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Influence of perceived influenza-like symptoms on intention to receive seasonal influenza vaccination", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22144-1", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1080/21645515.2025.2477954", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_10", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccination rates among healthcare workers and the general population in Saudi Arabia: A meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2477954", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1080/21645515.2025.2574732", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_11", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Barriers to influenza vaccination in older adults with chronic diseases: Insights from a COM-B model–based meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2574732", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1093/infdis/jiaf420", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_12", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Relative Effectiveness of High-Dose Versus Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccination Against Hospitalizations and Deaths According to Frailty Score: A Post Hoc Analysis of the DANFLU-1 Randomized Trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf420", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s13052-024-01693-y", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_13", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Increased adherence to influenza vaccination among Palermo family pediatricians: a study on safety and compliance of qLAIV vaccination", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01693-y", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/vaccines13121249", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_14", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "The Mediating Role of Vaccine Hesitancy in Influenza Vaccination Uptake and Intention Among Older Adults in Urban China: Based on a Structural Equation Modeling Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13121249", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.2196/63938", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_15", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effectiveness of Text Messaging Nudging to Increase Coverage of Influenza Vaccination Among Older Adults in Norway (InfluSMS Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/63938", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013671", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_16", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Examining organisational responses to performance-based financial incentive systems: a case study using NHS staff influenza vaccination rates from 2012/2013 to 2019/2020", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2021-013671", "year": 2022}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1172/jci.insight.184128", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_17", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Boosting effect of high-dose influenza vaccination on innate immunity among elderly", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.184128", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1734093", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_18", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Particularly strong immune response to influenza vaccination in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis linked to systemic inflammation", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1734093", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12913-025-13298-0", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_19", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Process evaluation of the flucare cluster randomised controlled trial: assessing the implementation of a behaviour change intervention to increase influenza vaccination uptake among care home staff in England", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13298-0", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s13063-024-08452-8", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_20", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Influenza vaccination in patients with acute heart failure (PANDA II): study protocol for a hospital-based, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial in China", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-024-08452-8", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/1475-6773.14632", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_21", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Patterns of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Patient Experiences and Receipt of Preventive Services", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14632", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/pds.70082", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_22", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Safety Assessment of Influenza Vaccination for Neurological Outcomes Among Older Adults in Japan: A Self‐Controlled Case Series Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.70082", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080115", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_23", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Impact of health education on promoting influenza vaccination health literacy in primary school students: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080115", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12889-024-17724-6", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_24", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Acceptability, cost-effectiveness, and capacity of a facility-based seasonal influenza vaccination among high-risk groups: a study protocol in selected tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17724-6", "year": 2024}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12913-024-12032-6", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_25", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Rapid Verbal Persuasion to increase influenza vaccine uptake: protocol for a randomized hybrid type 2 effectiveness -implementation trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-12032-6", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/1471-2458-4-36", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_26", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Rates of influenza vaccination in older adults and factors associated with vaccine use: A secondary analysis of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-4-36", "year": 2004}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_27", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Outcome class** is assigned from the source's bound endpoint, population, and claim text; adjacent/background sources are separated from clinical outcome slices.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_28", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Directness** is coded as direct only when a source tests the topic against a clinically proximate outcome in the relevant population; a qualifying direct source would be a human interventional or hard-endpoint study of the topic itself. Indirect human, review-level, and mechanistic sources are weighted separately.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_29", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Directional signal** is counted within the assigned outcome class only. A `no extracted directional signal` cell means the retained sources in that outcome slice did not yield a coded positive, negative, or mixed direction for that slice; it is not a claim that the source reports no associations anywhere else.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_30", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Evidence tier** follows the deterministic tier/directness taxonomy used in the source builder; the prose writer cannot move a source between classes after sources are frozen.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_31", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Ioannidis 2005", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124", "year": null}], "publication_id": "bcf8e6aa-7e5d-4562-b24d-2e242da28100", "screening": {"excluded": 0, "exclusion_reasons": ["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."], "flow": ["identified", "screened", "excluded_with_reasons", "included"], "identified": 26, "included": 26, "included_or_retained": 26, "screened": 26, "wording": "26 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit."}}
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