source · application/json
source_9980fc3353714cfb
sha256 1dde14d0fbff0fa21d30231cdbbddfb1a9953c692b6ccfad531aa861fb50f852
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-23 08:26:01.113215+04:00
{"publication_id": "bd88fdac-646d-49da-ad47-a3e928cc057a", "traces": [{"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "This paper synthesizes evidence on Immune senescence across 46 accepted source papers and 750 high-confidence extracted claims.", "claim_id": "claim_1"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "The evidence profile contains 2 direct clinical sources, 41 adjacent clinical sources, and 3 mechanistic or model-system sources, with 96 cross-study disagreements across the evidence base.", "claim_id": "claim_2"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Positive study-level signals are summarized in the immune and inflammation outcome class, null signals in the contextual adjacent evidence, immune and inflammation, longevity outcome classes, and negative signals in no dominant outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "claim_id": "claim_3"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "The conclusion is that Immune senescence remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained clinical and mechanistic evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "claim_id": "claim_4"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "This manuscript is reported as a Evidence brief. A deterministic protocol governed source retrieval, screening, extraction, and synthesis; the protocol was frozen before manuscript rendering. The full audit trail is in the supplementary `methods_pack.json` and the timestamped submission directory `synthesis-immunosenescence-v06-DAILY-2026-06-23T04-08-56Z`.", "claim_id": "claim_5"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias sidecar when populated, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.", "claim_id": "claim_6"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Risk-of-bias framework assignment follows study design (RoB-2 for RCTs, ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies, AMSTAR-2 for systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Public appraisal claims are limited to populated `risk_of_bias.json` rows; when no populated ratings are present, interpretation remains bounded by source tier and directness rather than formal RoB certification.", "claim_id": "claim_7"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (cardiometabolic, cognitive, contextual adjacent evidence, frailty, immune and inflammation, longevity, safety and comorbidity); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.", "claim_id": "claim_8"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.", "claim_id": "claim_9"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "claim_id": "claim_10"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "claim_id": "claim_11"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=18; claims=286 | no extracted directional signal in 18/18 sources | 16 indirect; 2 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "claim_id": "claim_12"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "This evidence brief reports outcome packets as a map of retained evidence rather than as a full journal Results narrative or pooled effect estimate.", "claim_id": "claim_13"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "18 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=18. Directness coding: indirect=16, review=2.", "claim_id": "claim_14"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "15 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=11, positive=1, unclear=3. Directness coding: direct=1, indirect=12, mechanistic=2.", "claim_id": "claim_15"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "3 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=3. Directness coding: indirect=3.", "claim_id": "claim_16"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Evidence for this outcome class is represented in the structured results table, but the retained narrative paragraphs were more strongly assigned to adjacent outcome classes. 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Directional coding: null=2. 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Directional coding: null=2. Directness coding: direct=1, indirect=1.", "claim_id": "claim_20"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: mechanistic=1.", "claim_id": "claim_21"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "claim_id": "claim_22"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Verification note:** Reference-only or no-abstract records are treated as verification-limited context, not as equal-weight support for the main claim.", "claim_id": "claim_23"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "The corpus contains no long-term, hard-outcome randomized trial in non-diabetic older adults, and the absence of such evidence is a primary boundary on every cross-domain inference. Ioannidis 2005 underscores the risk that surrogate-endpoint RCTs in this corpus (e. For example, Rastgoo 2025's senescent-cell and SA-β-gal readouts) may not translate to clinical benefit, and that caveat applies to most of the headline conclusions.", "claim_id": "claim_24"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Several clinically prominent outcomes are touched by only a single source, so any conclusion that names those outcomes cannot be replicated inside the corpus. The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio / HFpEF longevity signal rests on Cai 2026 alone; the BC02-adjuvanted VZV-gE vaccine claim of overcoming age-related immune limitation rests on Li 2026 alone; the senolytic Agrimonia pilosa pilot in middle-aged humans rests on Shimizu 2025 alone; and the centenarian immune-profiling data rest on Anaya 2026. When a single observational cohort or preclinical study is the entire evidence base for a claim, the point estimate carries an unreplicated, design-specific uncertainty, and the synthesis cannot adjudicate between chance, confounding, and a true effect. The -type null vs positive tension on the immune outcome class (Lee 2025 positive vs. Khoury 2025 / Cevirgel 2025 / Coelho 2025 / Fragkou 2026 / Anaya 2026 null) compounds this risk, because there is no within-corpus independent dataset that resolves which direction generalizes.", "claim_id": "claim_25"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Additional corpus sources included animal/preclinical evidence; external validity is bounded by the populations the trials and cohorts actually enrolled. Geographically, the corpus is concentrated in Chinese (Xiao 2023, Chen 2026, Li 2026, Li 2026b, Zhong 2025, Zhang 2026, Zhang 2024, He 2025, Reina-Alfonso 2026), Brazilian (Ventura 2025, Coelho 2025, Dema 2025, Francavilla 2025), and Bulgarian (Nikolova 2025) cohorts, with single-country representation from Colombia (Anaya 2026) and Italy (Valentino 2024, Aitella 2025, Aitella 2026).", "claim_id": "claim_26"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Several clinically actionable claims are supported only by mechanistic or preclinical evidence, with no within-corpus human-RCT bridge. Lee 2025 reports a positive in-vitro T-cell mitochondrial effect, but is not an in-human trial of clinical benefit. Without a within-corpus human RCT that tests a mechanistically nominated intervention on a hard endpoint, the immunosenescence anti-aging case as currently constituted remains incomplete, and the boundary conditions for translation — age stratum, comorbidity profile, baseline immune fitness — are not established by the available evidence.", "claim_id": "claim_27"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "For Immune senescence, the final interpretation is deliberately tiered: the retained clinical and mechanistic evidence profile defines a bounded geroscience rationale, but the corpus does not support treating mechanistic target engagement, intermediate biomarkers, and patient-relevant outcomes as interchangeable evidence. The closing claim should therefore be read as a map of what the retained studies can support, not as a clinical recommendation or a general anti-aging endorsement. Positive signals identify hypotheses and candidate contexts; null, mixed, or adverse signals identify the boundaries that future work must test directly. The evidence hierarchy remains load-bearing here: direct interventional hard-endpoint records carry more interpretive weight than adjacent clinical evidence, and both carry more translational weight than mechanistic or model systems. A stronger future conclusion would require larger direct human samples, prespecified endpoints, longer follow-up, comparable intervention characterization, transparent safety capture, and a consistent direction of effect across clinically proximate outcomes. Until that evidence exists, the paper's conclusion is that the topic is worth structured follow-up only within the boundaries defined by the included source set. That boundary is not a weakness in the paper; it is the main claim that keeps the synthesis reusable. Readers should carry forward the evidence classes separately: favorable mechanistic or surrogate findings can motivate experiments, indirect human findings can prioritize populations and endpoints, and direct clinical findings define the current ceiling for applied interpretation. The current corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy or general health-intervention claims; it supports only hypothesis generation and structured follow-up within the limits of indirect evidence. Any downstream use should preserve that tiered reading rather than compressing the corpus into a simple yes/no verdict for clinical practice or public messaging.", "claim_id": "claim_28"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "This synthesis maps 46 included sources on Immunosenescence across 8 outcome classes and 96 cross-study disagreements. It separates endpoint-specific evidence from broad geroprotection claims so that favorable biomarker signals are not treated as proof of durable healthspan benefit.", "claim_id": "claim_29"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6", "study": "Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent influenza vaccine among young and older adults in Tianjin, China: implication of immunosenescence as a risk factor", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-023-00364-6"}, {"doi": "10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0", "study": "Kaempferol alleviates T-cell immunosenescence and inflammaging in aged mice via the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-mitophagy pathway", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-026-00560-0"}, {"doi": "10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728", "study": "BC02-adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E subunit vaccine overcomes immunosenescence to induce robust neutralizing antibodies and multifunctional T-cell immunity in seropositive aged murine models", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2617728"}, {"doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484", "study": "Physical activity decreases cancer burden by alleviating immunosenescence-related inflammation and improving overall immunity", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102484"}, {"doi": "10.3390/diseases14010026", "study": "Predictors of Severe Herpes Zoster: Contributions of Immunosenescence, Metabolic Risk, and Lifestyle Behaviors", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14010026"}], "claim": "Across 46 curated reference papers, the evidence base for immunosenescence shows a context-dependent profile. Positive signals appear in: immune. Null findings dominate: contextual other. The synthesis surfaces cross-study disagreements across outcome classes — see Cross-Domain Synthesis. The immunosenescence anti-aging case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established.", "claim_id": "claim_30"}]}
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