source · application/json
source_9daabaee5bc64220
sha256 b67cf524af0a40e13dadfe89f4f121175353bbe36ed2897992e8f60b765d8efa
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-06 00:45:53.139131+04:00
{"publication_id": "439fc1a1-66aa-4252-a6f9-14ba1bb1860c", "traces": [{"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Evidence-honesty note: 23/25 retained sources are coded as null or no extracted directional signal; this corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy claims and hypothesis-generating only. Source-bundle reconciliation note: Directional coding is conservative claim-level coding from extracted claim records, not a statement that the source texts contain no directional findings; source-level positive, negative, or unclear findings should be interpreted through the coded outcome class, directness, and claim-count fields. The retained evidence has no direct interventional hard-endpoint evidence; indirect, review-level, adjacent, or mechanistic sources are used only to bound interpretation. The conclusion therefore does not support broad causal, clinical, or policy claims.", "claim_id": "claim_1"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "The evidence profile contains no sources classified primarily as direct interventional hard-endpoint evidence, 18 adjacent clinical sources, and 1 mechanistic or model-system source, with 86 cross-study disagreements across the evidence base.", "claim_id": "claim_2"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "No single positive outcome class dominates the retained corpus; null signals cluster in the contextual adjacent evidence, longevity, immune and inflammation outcome classes, and negative signals cluster in no dominant outcome class. The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "claim_id": "claim_3"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "The conclusion is that longevity metabolism effects remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "claim_id": "claim_4"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "This manuscript is reported as a Evidence brief. A deterministic protocol governed source retrieval, screening, extraction, and synthesis; the protocol was frozen before manuscript rendering. The full audit trail is in the supplementary `methods_pack.json` and the timestamped submission directory `synthesis-longevity_metabolism_effects-v06-DAILY-2026-06-05T20-38-20Z`.", "claim_id": "claim_5"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias appraisal, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.", "claim_id": "claim_6"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Per-source risk-of-bias was rated using design-appropriate Cochrane RoB-2 (RCTs), ROBINS-I (non-randomised studies), and AMSTAR-2 (systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Ratings recorded in `risk_of_bias.json`.", "claim_id": "claim_7"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (cardiometabolic, contextual adjacent evidence, deficiency prevalence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, frailty, immune and inflammation, longevity, skeletal, fracture, and bone); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.", "claim_id": "claim_8"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.", "claim_id": "claim_9"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Corpus slice | Strongest signal | Directness | Main limitation |", "claim_id": "claim_10"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "| Contextual Adjacent Evidence | n=13; claims=754 | no extracted directional signal in 12/13 sources | 10 indirect; 3 review | limited corpus depth in this outcome class |", "claim_id": "claim_11"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Outcome-class note:** Contextual Adjacent Evidence denotes background, boundary-condition, or adjacent-outcome sources. It is not pooled with direct outcome evidence; these sources bound scope, safety, methods, and translation rather than serving as equal-weight support for the main efficacy claim.", "claim_id": "claim_12"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "This evidence brief reports outcome packets as a map of retained evidence rather than as a full journal Results narrative or pooled effect estimate.", "claim_id": "claim_13"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "13 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: mixed=1, null=12. Directness coding: indirect=10, review=3.", "claim_id": "claim_14"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "4 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=4. Directness coding: indirect=3, mechanistic=1.", "claim_id": "claim_15"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "2 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1, unclear=1. Directness coding: indirect=1, review=1.", "claim_id": "claim_16"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "2 included sources were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=2. Directness coding: review=2.", "claim_id": "claim_17"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "1 included source were assigned to this outcome class. Directional coding: null=1. 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Directional coding: null=1. Directness coding: indirect=1.", "claim_id": "claim_21"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Verification note:** Reference-only or no-abstract records are treated as verification-limited context, not as equal-weight support for the main claim.", "claim_id": "claim_22"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Several outcome domains are supported by a single study within the corpus, precluding any internal replication check. Iron-metabolism and frailty associations draw on one cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling older adults (Ma 2024), lactate-infusion effects on cognition and AD biomarkers derive from one acute-infusion protocol (Kemna 2025), and medium-chain triglyceride effects on gait-related skeletal-muscle glucose uptake rely on one longitudinal PET/CT cohort (Mutoh 2025). Single-trial findings therefore carry an inherently higher risk of chance findings, measurement artifacts, or idiosyncratic population effects that the corpus cannot independently adjudicate.", "claim_id": "claim_23"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "For longevity metabolism effects, the final interpretation is deliberately tiered: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines a bounded geroscience rationale, but the corpus does not support treating mechanistic target engagement, intermediate biomarkers, and patient-relevant outcomes as interchangeable evidence. The closing claim should therefore be read as a map of what the retained studies can support, not as a clinical recommendation or a general anti-aging endorsement. Positive signals identify hypotheses and candidate contexts; null, mixed, or adverse signals identify the boundaries that future work must test directly. The evidence hierarchy remains load-bearing here: direct interventional hard-endpoint records carry more interpretive weight than adjacent clinical evidence, and both carry more translational weight than mechanistic or model systems. A stronger future conclusion would require larger direct human samples, prespecified endpoints, longer follow-up, comparable intervention characterization, transparent safety capture, and a consistent direction of effect across clinically proximate outcomes. Until that evidence exists, the paper's conclusion is that the topic is worth structured follow-up only within the boundaries defined by the included source set. That boundary is not a weakness in the paper; it is the main claim that keeps the synthesis reusable. Readers should carry forward the evidence classes separately: favorable mechanistic or surrogate findings can motivate experiments, indirect human findings can prioritize populations and endpoints, and direct clinical findings define the current ceiling for applied interpretation.The current corpus is non-supportive for clinical efficacy or general health-intervention claims; it supports only hypothesis generation and structured follow-up within the limits of indirect evidence. Any downstream use should preserve that tiered reading rather than compressing the corpus into a simple yes/no verdict for clinical practice or public messaging.", "claim_id": "claim_24"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "This synthesis maps 25 included sources on Longevity Metabolism Effects across 8 outcome classes and 86 cross-study disagreements. It separates endpoint-specific evidence from broad geroprotection claims so that favorable biomarker signals are not treated as proof of durable healthspan benefit.", "claim_id": "claim_25"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Across 25 curated reference papers, the evidence base for Longevity Metabolism Effects shows a context-dependent profile. Null findings dominate: contextual other, longevity. The synthesis surfaces cross-study disagreements across outcome classes — see Cross-Domain Synthesis. The Longevity Metabolism Effects anti-aging case as currently constituted is incomplete: mechanistic plausibility coexists with mixed or sparse human-RCT evidence, and the boundary conditions remain to be established.", "claim_id": "claim_26"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Additional corpus sources included animal/preclinical evidence; the strongest unresolved contrast is the disagreement between Jung 2024 and Kurhaluk 2024 on contextual adjacent evidence (severity 4/5), which defines the boundary condition future studies must test rather than smooth over.", "claim_id": "claim_27"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "Prior reviews in the corpus (Wei 2025) emphasize convergent signals on Longevity Metabolism Effects. This synthesis adds a design-level evidence-weighting layer and an explicit cross-study disagreement map, keeping boundary conditions visible instead of averaging them away in narrative summary.", "claim_id": "claim_28"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "| Evidence domain | Direct sources | Indirect / mechanism sources | Direction profile | Interpretation boundary |", "claim_id": "claim_29"}, {"candidate_sources": [{"doi": "10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8", "study": "Effects of resistance-based training and polyphenol supplementation on physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in aging individuals", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01839-8"}, {"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20146", "study": "Effectiveness of multi-component exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20146"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580", "study": "Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage I sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575580"}, {"doi": "10.1113/EP093162", "study": "Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity‐based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1113/EP093162"}, {"doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917", "study": "Lipid biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetes risk, an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of prospective observational studies", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1784917"}], "claim": "| cardiometabolic | 0 | 2 | null, unclear | direct interventional hard-endpoint gap |", "claim_id": "claim_30"}]}
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