source · application/json
source_f137b71204034dc4
sha256 7633cd633ba61495dd7d86af575ff428da6dbfe3786cc6ed147cb9e4e844bbbc
by researka:v2 · 2026-06-28 08:20:34.484512+04:00
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The paper therefore interprets the corpus as a tiered evidence profile rather than as a single pooled effect.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_4", "text": "The conclusion is that Therapeutic plasma exchange remains a bounded geroscience case: the retained clinical and adjacent evidence profile defines the scope for targeted testing, while mixed and null findings limit any unqualified anti-aging claim.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_5", "text": "This manuscript is reported as a Thin-corpus evidence brief. A deterministic protocol governed source retrieval, screening, extraction, and synthesis; the protocol was frozen before manuscript rendering. The full audit trail is in the supplementary `methods_pack.json` and the timestamped submission directory `synthesis-therapeutic_plasma_exchange-v06-DAILY-2026-06-28T04-15-17Z`.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_6", "text": "The following fields were extracted from each included source: study design, population / cohort, intervention or exposure, comparator, outcome class, effect direction, effect size, confidence interval or credible interval, p-value, sample size, follow-up duration, risk-of-bias rating. Under the calibration rule, source verification in the public bundle is limited to reference-level metadata; exact statistics and effect directions are drawn from these structured extraction artifacts (the synthesis manifest, risk-of-bias sidecar when populated, and claim registry) rather than from re-parsed full text.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_7", "text": "Risk-of-bias framework assignment follows study design (RoB-2 for RCTs, ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies, AMSTAR-2 for systematic reviews / meta-analyses). Public appraisal claims are limited to populated `risk_of_bias.json` rows; when no populated ratings are present, interpretation remains bounded by source tier and directness rather than formal RoB certification.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_8", "text": "Evidence-tension synthesis: claims grouped by outcome class (contextual adjacent evidence, dosing and pharmacokinetics, immune and inflammation, longevity, mortality and survival, safety and comorbidity); within-class agreement, disagreement, and directness gaps surfaced explicitly. Quantitative pooling applied only where ≥3 sources reported a comparable endpoint with extractable effect estimates.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_9", "text": "Source retrieval, claim extraction, evidence routing, and prose drafting were assisted by large language models under a deterministic audit-trail protocol. Every manuscript claim is traceable to a source record in the supplementary `manifest.json`. Final eligibility and interpretation decisions are author-verified.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_10", "text": "Scope-framing note: This evidence map frames Therapeutic plasma exchange as clinical applications across heterogeneous indications rather than as standalone anti-aging or longevity proof. Aging-relevant interpretation is restricted to source rows whose endpoint, population, and outcome-class metadata directly support it; otherwise the retained evidence is contextual and hypothesis-generating.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_11", "text": "Boada 2020: A randomized, controlled clinical trial of plasma exchange with albumin replacement for Alzheimer's disease: Primary results of the AMBAR Study: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=unclear; directness=direct; tier=A1; finding=representative statistic P = .03; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_12", "text": "Ipe 2021: Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Evidence: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=negative; directness=review; tier=B2; finding=representative statistic p ≥ 0.05; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_13", "text": "Boada 2021: Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and quality‐of‐life assessments in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with plasma exchange with albumin replacement from the randomized AMBAR study: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=unclear; directness=review; tier=B2; finding=representative statistic P = .06; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_14", "text": "Eichinger 2025: Complications of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Neuroimmune Disorders: outcome=Immune and Inflammation; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=representative statistic p < 0.05; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_15", "text": "Lee 2026: Pediatric Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Characterization of Practice, Epidemiology, and Safety Profile at a Children's Hospital in the United States: outcome=Safety and Comorbidity; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=46 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_16", "text": "Salur 2026: The Role of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in the Management of Myeloma-Related Cast Nephropathy: A 10-Year Real-World Cohort Study: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=unclear; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=representative statistic p = 0.378; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_17", "text": "Fuentealba 2025: Multi‐Omics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers That Contribute to Biological Age Rejuvenation in Response to Single‐Blinded Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=unclear; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=representative statistic p < 0.048; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_18", "text": "Kohli 2022: Effect on haemostasis of different replacement fluids during therapeutic plasma exchange—A comparative multicentre observational study: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=30 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_19", "text": "Espana-Cueto 2025: Plasma exchange therapy for the post COVID-19 condition: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=null; directness=direct; tier=A1; finding=26 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_20", "text": "Thomas 2026: Severe autoimmune diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children; early diagnosis and initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange may improve clinical outcomes: outcome=adjacent clinical-context evidence; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=22 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_21", "text": "Williams 2026: “In-Series” Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort, 2018–2022: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=21 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_22", "text": "Kularathna 2026: Clinical Experience of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) in Severe Leptospirosis: A Case Series from Sri Lanka: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=unclear; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=representative statistic p < 0.001; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_23", "text": "Tupin 2026: Pathogen‐reduced plasma, cryoprecipitate reduced for therapeutic plasma exchange: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=unclear; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=17 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_24", "text": "Krzych 2021: What Is the Role of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange as an Adjunctive Treatment in Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review: outcome=treatment or intervention-response evidence; direction=null; directness=review; tier=B2; finding=16 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_25", "text": "Sgavardea 2026: Towards a clinical decision protocol for therapeutic plasma exchange based on biomarker patterns and machine learning: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=14 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_26", "text": "Davidson 2022: Rescuing Cancer Immunity by Plasma Exchange in Metastatic Melanoma (ReCIPE-M1): protocol for a single-institution, open-label safety trial of plasma exchange to clear sPD-L1 for immunotherapy: outcome=Safety and Comorbidity; direction=null; directness=protocol; tier=D1; finding=12 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_27", "text": "Raval 2026: Bleeding Risk Is Not Increased When Initiating Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Adults Using Exclusively Albumin Replacement Fluid 2 Days After Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy: outcome=Safety and Comorbidity; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=representative statistic p ≥ 0.05; source-level statistic reported.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_28", "text": "Ciobanu 2026: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Successful Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Treatment After SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection—A Case Report: outcome=Immune and Inflammation; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=7 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_29", "text": "Nachtigall 2026: Neither Therapeutic Plasma Exchange nor High-Flux Hemodialysis Enhances the Removal of Chlorprothixene in Case of Intoxication despite a Drop in Plasma Levels: A Case Report: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=6 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"id": "claim_30", "text": "Dazio 2026: Clinical response of acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange in four dogs: outcome=Contextual Adjacent Evidence; direction=null; directness=indirect; tier=B2; finding=5 extracted claim(s); receipt-level direction is the coded finding.", "type": "claim"}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1186/s12883-026-04780-1", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_1", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Clinical and economic outcomes of therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for treating adults with autoimmune neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-026-04780-1", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/alz.12137", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_2", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "A randomized, controlled clinical trial of plasma exchange with albumin replacement for Alzheimer's disease: Primary results of the AMBAR Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12137", "year": 2020}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2021.662856", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_3", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Evidence", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.662856", "year": 2021}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.1002/alz.12477", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_4", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and quality‐of‐life assessments in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with plasma exchange with albumin replacement from the randomized AMBAR study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12477", "year": 2021}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/children12111457", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_5", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Complications of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Neuroimmune Disorders", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/children12111457", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/jca.70128", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_6", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Pediatric Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Characterization of Practice, Epidemiology, and Safety Profile at a Children's Hospital in the United States", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.70128", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/jcm15020417", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_7", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "The Role of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in the Management of Myeloma-Related Cast Nephropathy: A 10-Year Real-World Cohort Study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020417", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/acel.70103", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_8", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Multi‐Omics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers That Contribute to Biological Age Rejuvenation in Response to Single‐Blinded Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Therapeutic Plasma Exchange", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.70103", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.12669/pjms.42.4.14962", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_9", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Assessment of clinical characteristics, treatment responses, relapses, and survival in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange: A single-center experience", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.42.4.14962", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/iid3.70369", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_10", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Modulation of Cytokines and Immune Cells by Plasma Exchange in Patients With Certain Autoimmune Neurological Diseases", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70369", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/jca.22008", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_11", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Effect on haemostasis of different replacement fluids during therapeutic plasma exchange—A comparative multicentre observational study", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.22008", "year": 2022}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/jca.22027", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_12", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with sepsis: Secondary analysis of a cluster‐randomized controlled trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.22027", "year": 2023}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-57198-7", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_13", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Plasma exchange therapy for the post COVID-19 condition: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57198-7", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fped.2026.1799535", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_14", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Severe autoimmune diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children; early diagnosis and initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange may improve clinical outcomes", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1799535", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1097/PCC.0000000000003942", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_15", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "“In-Series” Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort, 2018–2022", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000003942", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3390/tropicalmed11050132", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_16", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Clinical Experience of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) in Severe Leptospirosis: A Case Series from Sri Lanka", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11050132", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1111/trf.70099", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_17", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Pathogen‐reduced plasma, cryoprecipitate reduced for therapeutic plasma exchange", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70099", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "review-level", "doi": "10.3390/v13081484", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_18", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "What Is the Role of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange as an Adjunctive Treatment in Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081484", "year": 2021}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12911-026-03484-3", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_19", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Towards a clinical decision protocol for therapeutic plasma exchange based on biomarker patterns and machine learning", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-026-03484-3", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050112", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_20", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Rescuing Cancer Immunity by Plasma Exchange in Metastatic Melanoma (ReCIPE-M1): protocol for a single-institution, open-label safety trial of plasma exchange to clear sPD-L1 for immunotherapy", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050112", "year": 2022}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/jca.70122", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_21", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Bleeding Risk Is Not Increased When Initiating Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Adults Using Exclusively Albumin Replacement Fluid 2 Days After Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.70122", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1002/ccr3.72725", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_22", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Successful Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Treatment After SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection—A Case Report", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.72725", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1159/000551514", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_23", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Neither Therapeutic Plasma Exchange nor High-Flux Hemodialysis Enhances the Removal of Chlorprothixene in Case of Intoxication despite a Drop in Plasma Levels: A Case Report", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000551514", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1093/jvimsj/aalag090", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_24", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Clinical response of acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange in four dogs", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag090", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.3389/fvets.2026.1791728", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_25", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Case Report: Successful management of acute vincristine overdose in a cat with metastatic gastric lymphoma using therapeutic plasma exchange", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1791728", "year": 2026}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.18502/ijhoscr.v19i1.17827", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_26", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Separate (Asynchronous) Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) and Plasma Transfusion in the Patient with Severe TPE Complications: A Case Report", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.18502/ijhoscr.v19i1.17827", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1016/j.jtha.2024.12.021", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_27", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Therapeutic plasma exchange for fibrinogen-associated hyperviscosity: results of the COVID-19 PLasma EXchange (COPLEX) randomized controlled trial.", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtha.2024.12.021", "year": 2025}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "primary", "doi": "10.1186/s12872-020-01665-0", "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_28", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy in fulminant COVID-19 associated with cytokine release syndrome and resolution following therapeutic plasma exchange: a case-report", "type": "source", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01665-0", "year": 2020}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_29", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Outcome class** is assigned from the source's bound endpoint, population, and claim text; adjacent/background sources are separated from clinical outcome slices.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_30", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Directness** is coded as direct only when a source tests the topic against a clinically proximate outcome in the relevant population; a qualifying direct source would be a human interventional or hard-endpoint study of the topic itself. Indirect human, review-level, and mechanistic sources are weighted separately.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_31", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Directional signal** is counted within the assigned outcome class only. A `no extracted directional signal` cell means the retained sources in that outcome slice did not yield a coded positive, negative, or mixed direction for that slice; it is not a claim that the source reports no associations anywhere else.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}, {"comparator": "not extracted", "directness": "citation", "doi": null, "effect": "not extracted", "endpoint": "not extracted", "id": "source_32", "intervention_or_exposure": "not extracted", "population": "not extracted", "risk_of_bias": "not appraised in public sidecar", "study": "**Evidence tier** follows the deterministic tier/directness taxonomy used in the source builder; the prose writer cannot move a source between classes after sources are frozen.", "type": "source", "url": null, "year": null}], "publication_id": "21652f17-8a22-4863-aa37-ec5f4e1a7b90", "screening": {"excluded": 0, "exclusion_reasons": ["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."], "flow": ["identified", "screened", "excluded_with_reasons", "included"], "identified": 28, "included": 28, "included_or_retained": 28, "screened": 28, "wording": "28 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit."}}
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